| ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠯ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠬᠦᠩᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠽᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠣᠳᠰᠠᠷ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠳᠣ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ︽ᡁᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ᠋ᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠷ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ᠄ 13-15 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ︔ 17-19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ︔ | 19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ︔1949 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ | ᠦᠶᠡ ︵ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ︽ᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ︾ ︵译语︶ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ︽ᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ︽ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ | ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ︽ᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ︾ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ︽ᡁᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ︾᠂ | ︽ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠢ ᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠠᠯ — ᠵᠠᠮᠬᠠᠰᠢᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠺ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠦᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠳᠢᠮᠠᠲ ᠠᠯ — ᠠᠳᠠᠪ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠠᠷᠠᠪ — ᠫᠧᠷᠰ — ᠲᠦᠷᠺ — ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ︽ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠢ ᠢ | ᠢᠦᠢ︾ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ︽ᠮᠦᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠳᠢᠮᠠᠲ ᠠᠯ — ᠠᠳᠠᠪ︾ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ | ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ — | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ | ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ | ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︽ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠯᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠦ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠦᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠦ ︽ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ | ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ | ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ 1835 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠣᠷᠣᠰ — ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ 1840 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠤᠸᠠᠯᠸᠧᠰᠺᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — | ᠣᠷᠣᠰ — ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ | ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠣ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ | ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠴᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ | ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠶᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠬᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 1. ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ︵ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾︶ ᠄ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ | ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ︽ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ 1710 — 1717 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ︵ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ 49 — 56 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ︶ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ︾ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ | ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ︵ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ | ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ︶ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠰ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠣ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ︽ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦ | ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ︽ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ︵ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾︶ ᠄ | 1746 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ︽ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠲᠣ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦ︾ ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ | ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 3. ︽ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ︽ᠫᠦᠷᠪᠦ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠫᠦᠷᠪᠦ | ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ 1911— 1921 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡ 44 ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠃ | 4. ︽ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾᠄ 1921—1927 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠸ᠋ᠴᠢᠷ᠂ ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠠ 37 ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠃ | 5. ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ︽ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ 1973 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 6. 1927 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰ᠊ · ᠱᠠᠭᠵᠠ ︽ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ | ᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠮᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | 7. ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠾᠠᠶᠢᠨᠢᠰᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ 1962 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠸᠠᠶᠢᠰᠪᠠᠳᠧᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 8. ᠮᠦᠨ ︽ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠦᠺᠤᠪᠦ᠋ ᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠹᠦᠺᠦᠪᠦ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠡᠾᠠᠶᠢᠨᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ ︽ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠃ | 9. ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶ᠊ · ᠴᠠᠪᠠᠯ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ 1966 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠯᠡᠸ᠋ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ | ᠳᠡᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦ︾᠂ ︽ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ︾ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ | ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶ᠊ · ᠴᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 10. ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ︽ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ︵ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠡ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ | ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠣᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠤᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ | ᠨᠣᠮ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠠᠬᠦ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ︵ᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | — ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ︶᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ︵ᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ︶᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠶᠠ᠃ | Ⅰ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ — ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ︵ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ︶ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | 11. ︽ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠢ ᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ︾ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ᠄ 1382 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ 141 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠤ᠋ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠦ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠾᠦᠸᠧ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠰᠠ ᠢ ᠾᠸᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠃ | ︽ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠢ ᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ︾ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ᠂ | ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠣ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠰᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠴᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ | ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 12. ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠄ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠤᠨ ︵1928 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠯᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 18000 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠬᠡᠲᠤ ︵ | ᠸᠠᠩ ᠿᠦᠢ ᠴᠠᠩ︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠄ ︽ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠁ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠡᠩᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦ ᠿᠦᠢ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠪᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ | ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 13. 1938 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠵᠢᠩᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠭ︾ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ | ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠯᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 14. ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠄ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1917 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠤᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠠᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ︽ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ︾ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 15. ︽ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾᠄ 1940 — 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ︵ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ︶ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠸᠠᠩᠴᠢᠨᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ | ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ︽ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠯᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 16. ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ — 1948 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 17. ︽ᠲᠠᠸᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠣᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ | ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠸᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 18. ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ︾ ︵ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︶ ᠢ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ 1963 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠠᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠦᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 19. ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 1955 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠵᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠳᠡ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 20. ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ | 1964 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠲᠡ 6686 ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ 55 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ | ᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠶᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ | ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ︽ᠰᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 21. ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ︵ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ︶᠄ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠂ 1973 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 3576 ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠦ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 22. ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 23. ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | Ⅱ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ — ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ︵ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ︶ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | ︽ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ — ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ︵ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ︶ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠶᠠ᠃ | 24. ︽ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾᠄ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ | ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠧᠩᠽᠦ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ︵1722 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ︶ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩᠴᠡᠭᠴᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤᠷ᠂ | ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠠᠢ᠃︾ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠭᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠲ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ 1841 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 25. ︽ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠳᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠠᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾᠄ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠾᠠᠷᠠᠮᠪᠠ | ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ 1838 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ | ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠠᠯ᠃ | 26. ︽ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ︾᠄ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠰᠦᠮᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠨᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ 1877 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 27. ︽ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠶ᠋ᠢᠰ︾᠄ 1924 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠡᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 28. ︽ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠳᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾᠄ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠢ ᠪᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | Ⅲ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ | 29. ︽ᠮᠦᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠳᠢᠮᠡᠲ ᠠᠯ — ᠠᠳᠠᠪ︾ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠄ ᠤᠭ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ — ᠫᠧᠷᠰ — ᠲᠦᠷᠺ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ | 1938 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠫᠤᠫᠫᠧ᠂ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠸᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠲᠦᠷᠺ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ — ᠫᠧᠷᠰ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠫᠤᠫᠫᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠤᠭ᠍ᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ | ᠲᠦᠷᠺ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ | ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠫᠤᠫᠫᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠲᠦᠷᠺ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠫᠤᠫᠫᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ︽ᠮᠦᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠳᠢᠮᠡᠲ ᠠᠯ — ᠠᠳᠠᠪ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠦᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠳᠢᠮᠡᠲ ᠠᠯ — ᠠᠳᠠᠪ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ 1143 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠺ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯ — ᠵᠠᠮᠠᠭᠰᠢᠷᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ — ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ︵ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠺ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ︶ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠭ ᠲᠤ 1492 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠲᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠢ ᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ︾ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠦᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠦ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 30. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠤᠷᠤᠰ — ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ 1835 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠲ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭ ︵ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠯᠧᠨᠢᠩᠭᠷᠠᠳ᠋︶ ᠲᠤ | ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | | 31. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠤᠷᠤᠰ — ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠫᠤᠯᠱᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠺᠤᠸᠠᠯᠸᠧᠰᠺᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ 1844 —1849 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠢ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ 1933 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ | ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠺᠤᠸᠠᠯᠸᠧᠰᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠾᠡᠶᠢᠨᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ | ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠺᠤᠸᠠᠯᠸᠧᠰᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 32. ︽ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ — ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠹᠢᠨᠯᠶᠡᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠷᠠᠮᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠳ᠋ᠲ 1935 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠲᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠺ᠂ | ᠲᠦᠩᠭᠦᠰ᠂ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ | ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ ︵ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠸᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨ ︽ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ︾︶᠃ | 33. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ 1894 ᠠᠴᠠ1898 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠯᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠨᠰᠺᠧ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ᠃ | 34. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠴᠧᠷᠧᠮᠢᠰᠤᠸ᠋᠂ ᠷᠦᠮᠢᠶᠡᠨᠼᠸᠧ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂1937 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠧᠨᠢᠩᠭᠷᠠᠳ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ | ᠃ | 35. ︽ᠤᠷᠤᠰ — ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ 1942 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴ᠊ · ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠱ᠊ · ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠸᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 36. ︽ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠴᠧᠷᠧᠮᠢᠰᠤᠸ᠋ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ 1951 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠸᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ︽ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠳ — ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ 1973 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 37. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠠ᠊ · ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠡ᠊ · ᠳ᠋᠊ · ᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠶ᠋ᠸᠧ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1947 ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠸᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ 1960 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ | ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 38. ︽ᠤᠷᠤᠰ — ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠴᠠᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠮᠪᠡᠶ᠋ᠸᠧ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ 1954 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠸᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 39. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ 1957 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠸᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠪ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 40. ︽ᠤᠷᠤᠰ — ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ 1960 ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠸᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠠᠪᠡ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠩᠵᠢᠶ᠋ᠸᠧ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 41. ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ 1954 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | 42. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠤᠤᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1933 | ᠣᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠼᠢᠶᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ — ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 43. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠤᠷᠤᠰ — ᠨᠢᠫᠫᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠃ ᠪᠢᠦᠨᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠤᠤᠸᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1940 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 44. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠧᠮᠠᠼᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠤᠤᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ᠃ | 45. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠸᠤᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠪᠠᠷᠢ᠂ 1954 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠤᠺᠭᠤᠯᠮ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 46. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ 1945 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1953 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ | ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠾᠤᠷᠲ᠋ᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 47. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠣᠵᠠᠪ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠯᠢᠽᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠦᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ | 48. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠄ ᠱᠠᠭᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ︵ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ︽ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ | ᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ 1951 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠷ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | 49. ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠯᠠᠸ᠋ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ 1952 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | 50. ︽ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ︾᠄ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ᠊ · ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1963 | ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ︾ ︵ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ︔ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ︔ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ | ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ | ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 51. ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠄ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠴᠢ᠃ 31 ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ 285 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 52. ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠄ 1779 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠲᠡ 34 ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠂ | 318 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 53. ︽ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠄ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ 1957 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ — ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ — ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ — ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | 54. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠄ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ | ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠦᠨ 1926 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1956 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 55. ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠄ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1780 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠹᠦᠭᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 12 ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ | 56. ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠤᠨ ︵ᠲᠤᠳᠤ︶ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯᠭᠠ︾᠄ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ︵ | 1797 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠹᠦᠭᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 57. ︽ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠄ 1941— 1944 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠤᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ | ︽ᠮᠤᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠲ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︽ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ | ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1975 ᠤᠨ | |